（三等奖作品）

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格回溯了肺结核和癌症这两种特定疾病相关的隐喻，以及这些隐喻如何残酷地影响着病人，甚至超越疾病本身。据说，上世纪初，人们将肺结核归咎于“激情过剩”；而半个世纪后，人们又将患癌症归因为压抑的心理，或者说“激情匮乏”。桑塔格说：“我的观点是，疾病并非隐喻，最真实地看待疾病、最坦然地接受疾病的方式，就是最大程度地净化和摆脱隐喻思维。”自1989年，她对流行艾滋病的看法延续这种信念，展现人们是怎么样像主流的隐喻所暗示的那样，因为所谓上天的惩罚而生病。她概括道：“患上这些疾病，会引起极大的罪恶感和耻辱感。努力将疾病从其沉重的内涵和误导性的隐喻中解放出来，似乎是一件特别释放、至少是令人感到慰藉的事情。”桑塔格的话语，表明疾病的隐喻从两个方面来说都是有害的：不仅侮辱了病人，还妨碍了人们对于疾病的理性而科学的认知，即应该包容疾病、给予患者关爱。将疾病当做隐喻来治疗，相当于回避、拖延甚至反抗治疗字面意义上的疾病。我们的个人情况可能不同，但并非与此无关。我们不愿意仅仅将病毒的理解停留在字面意思，这可能会导致我们不再坚持和关注阻止病毒传播的实践行动和标准做法。沉迷于病毒的隐喻和与之相关的话术——我们将卸下警惕。环游世界，我们不再保持双手的干净。