（三等奖作品）

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses.

苏菲·桑塔格在她的论文“作为隐喻的疾病*”中，追溯了疾病的隐喻所带来的影响，尤其是关于结核病和癌症的隐喻，以及这些隐喻是如何被无情地施加在病患身上，以至于有时它们所带来的影响已经超越了疾病本身的影响。

It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.”

据说，在上个世纪初，人们把结核病的病因归结于“太过热情”。然而，在半个世纪后，人们又把癌症的病因归结于抑郁心理或者“缺乏激情”。

Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.”

桑塔格写道：“在我看来，疾病并非一个隐喻，如若要以最本真的方式看待疾病，以及以最“健康”的方式生病，就要从心中抵制、乃至于摒弃那种疾病即隐喻的观念。”

From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment.

自1989年起，她怀着同样的信念研究了艾滋病的流行*，表述了艾滋病的主流隐喻是如何把人们生病的原因归结于神明的惩罚的*。

She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people.

她总结道：“对于艾滋病这种带来如此之多的犯罪感和羞耻感的疾病来说，使其从意义、从隐喻中剥离出来，似乎特别具有解放作用，甚至是抚慰作用。不过，要摆脱这些隐喻，不能仅靠回避它们。它们必须被揭露、批判、细究和穷尽。”桑塔格的话表明疾病的隐喻所带来的中伤体现在双重层面上：一方面它对病患施加了责难，另一方面它阻碍了对于疾病理性的、科学的理解，而这恰恰是阻止疾病蔓延以及人文关怀所必须的。

To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness.

把疾病当作一种比喻，导致避免或推迟甚至是阻碍了对真正疾病的治疗。

 Our own situation is different, but not unrelated.

我们面对的情况有所不同，但并不是毫无关联的。

Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread.

我们不愿从本质上看待病毒，这可能导致我们无法坚持和遵守防止病毒传播的标准和做法。

Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant.

当我们被病毒的隐喻和与之相关的术语所迷惑，我们就不再保持警惕。

Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

在乘坐飞机环游世界时，我们连洗手都不洗。

1*：“作为疾病的隐喻”出自苏菲·桑塔格的著作《疾病的隐喻》

2*：苏菲·桑塔格在《疾病的隐喻》中的另一部分“艾滋病及其隐喻”研究了相关内容

3*：《疾病的隐喻》原文中的表述为：瘟疫总被看作是对社会的审判，而艾滋病被隐喻地夸大为这一类的审判，也使人们对艾滋病全球扩散的必然性变得习以为常。这是以传统的方式利用了性传播疾病：性传播疾病不仅被描绘为对个体的惩罚，也是对某个群体的惩罚（“普遍放纵”云云）。为指认某个无法无天或者为非作歹的群体，人们不单单以这种方式利用性病。直到十九世纪后半叶，把任何灾难性流行病解释成道德松懈或政治衰败的症候，与把可怕的疾病同外国（或那些受人鄙视、战战兢兢的少数民族）联系起来的做法一样，都屡见不鲜。