（三等奖作品）

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

在《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格追踪了与疾病（尤其是结核病和癌症）相关的隐喻的影响，以及这些隐喻是如何被无情地应用到病人身上，以至于有时会掩盖了疾病的本质。据说，在上个世纪初，人们感染结核病的诱因是‘精神错乱’。然而，半个世纪后，人们被认为是由于心理压抑或‘精神萎靡’而得癌症。桑塔格写道，”我的观点是，疾病并非隐喻，而看待疾病的最真诚的方式---同时也是患者对待疾病的最健康的方式---是尽可能抵制或消除隐喻性思考“。从1989年起，她将同样的理念带到了艾滋病的流行上，展示了作为主导的隐喻，人们是如何将疾病归结于神圣的惩罚。她总结道：“这种疾病会让人感到内疚和羞耻，试图把它从负载的含义和误导性的隐喻中分离出来似乎特别让人自由，甚至是安慰。桑塔格的话表明，疾病的隐喻具有双重恶意：它们污蔑病人，并且防碍了人们对疾病防控和病人护理的理性、科学的理解。把疾病当作隐喻，目的是避免、拖延甚至阻挠文学疾病的治疗。我们自身的情况不同，但并非没有关系。我们不愿意将病毒视为字面意义上的病毒，这可能使我们无法坚持和遵守防止病毒传播的标准和做法。被病毒作为隐喻和与之相关的术语迷惑使我们不再警惕，我们环游世界却不再洗手。