（三等奖作品）

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

译文：

在《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格追究了附着在疾病身上（尤其是结核病和癌症）的隐喻的影响，以及这些隐喻是如何潜移默化地影响病人的，以至于病人常常忽视疾病的本质。传闻，在上个世纪之交，人们因为“激情过度”而感染了肺结核；而半个世纪后，人们因为心理压抑或“激情不足”而患上了癌症。桑塔格在文中写道：“我认为，疾病并非隐喻，而看待疾病最真诚的方式，同时也是患者看待疾病最健康的方式，就是尽可能消除或抵制隐喻性思考。”从1989年起，她将同样的观点应用在艾滋病大流行的研究当中，向人们展示了，在主流隐喻大行其道下，人们是如何因为“艾滋病是一种神圣的惩罚”而生病的。她总结道：“患上这种疾病（指艾滋病）的人们总会感到深深地内疚和羞耻，我们如果试图把它从含蓄的含义和误导性的隐喻中分离出来，这似乎特别能带给患者解放，甚至是安慰。”桑塔格的话表明，疾病的隐喻具有双重恶意：它们对病人进行谴责，并阻碍了控制疾病和护理患者所需的理性和科学的理解。把疾病当作隐喻来看待，就是避免、拖延甚至阻挠实际意义上疾病的治疗。我们自己的情况不同，但并非没有关系。我们不愿意将病毒视为字面意义上的病毒，这可能使我们无法坚持和遵守防止病毒传播的标准和做法。我们不再警惕因为我们被困在含有隐喻的病毒和与之相关的术语里了。我们在世间游走，却总“不识庐山真面目”。