（二等奖作品）

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

翻译：在《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格调查追溯了与疾病有关的隐喻带来的影响，尤其是与结核病和癌症有关的隐喻，以及这些隐喻是如何被无情地用在病人身上，有时甚至已经掩盖了疾病的本质。据说，在上世纪初，人们因为“太过热情”而感染了结核病，而半个世纪后，由于心理压抑或“激情不足”，人们会患上癌症。桑塔格在书中写道，“我的观点是，疾病并非隐喻，看待疾病最真诚的方式——同时也是患者对待疾病最健康的方式——是尽可能地消除和抵制隐喻思维。”从1989年起，她将同样的信念代入到艾滋病的流行上，展示了人们是怎样如主流隐喻所说的，认为人们之所以生病，是因为疾病是上天的惩罚。她总结道，“对于艾滋病这种带来如此之多犯罪感和耻辱感的疾病来说，使其从意义、从隐喻中剥离出来，似乎特别具有解放作用，甚至是抚慰作用。” 桑塔格的话语表明了有关疾病的隐喻具有的双重恶意：他们对病人进行谴责，阻碍了控制疾病和提供护理所需要的理性、科学理解。以隐喻的方式对待疾病导致了人们躲避、拖延甚至阻挠了对并不夸张的疾病的治疗。我们每个人的情况是有所不同，但并不是相互没有关系的。若我们不愿意用字面意义的方式看待病毒，这可能使我们无法坚持和遵守阻止病毒传播的标准和做法。被病毒的隐喻和与之相关的术语所迷惑，导致我们不再保持警惕。乘飞机环游世界时，我们也不再洗手了。