（二等奖作品)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

摆脱疾病隐喻，关注疾病本身

在《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格追溯了关于疾病（主要是肺结核和癌症）的隐喻对病人的影响，以及这些隐喻是如何被人无情地强加于病人身上，以至于它们有时掩盖了疾病的本质。据称，在上个世纪初，人们感染肺结核是由于“太过热情”；而半个世纪后，人们罹患癌症却是由于心理压抑或“太过消沉”。桑塔格写道：“我认为疾病不是隐喻。坚决否定、坚决摒弃一切隐喻的思维方式才是最真实的看待疾病的方式，同时也是最有利于病人康复的方式。自1989年以来，她对流行的艾滋病也持有相同的信念，并描述了当时隐喻的主流说法。这些隐喻将艾滋病视作天谴，人们因受天谴而患此病。她总结道：“艾滋病使人感到的内疚和羞耻如此强烈，以至于摆脱艾滋病所附带的沉重的罪责和误导性的隐喻能使人如释重负、深感慰藉。桑塔格的话表明，疾病的隐喻是有恶意的，这体现在两个方面：这些隐喻一方面使病人背负着耻辱，另一方面阻碍了对疾病的理性、科学的理解，而这正是控制疾病和治疗病人所需要的。将疾病视为一种隐喻，就是在逃避、拖延甚至是阻挠对疾病本身的治疗。虽然每个人的情况不同，但是我们是一个紧密相连的共同体。如果我们不愿摒弃疾病的隐喻，进而关注疾病本身，防治疾病传播的准则和做法便无人推行、无人遵守。若放松了警惕，我们的思想就会被那些把病毒比作罪责的隐喻及与其相关的措辞所掌控。到那时，我们就算飞遍世界，也不会洗一下手。