Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In Illness as Metaphors, Susan Sontag traced the influence of metaphors associated with diseases —tuberculosis and cancer, in particular — and how they were applied to sick people so relentlessly that they sometimes obscured the nature of the illnesses. It was said, at the turn of the last century, that people contracted TB due to “too much passion,” whereas, half a century later, people were said to get cancer due to psychological repression or “insufficient passion.” Sontag wrote, “My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness —and the healthiest way of being ill — is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.” From 1989, she brought the same conviction to the AIDS epidemic, showing how, as the dominant metaphors had it, people became ill because the disease was a divine punishment. She concluded, “With this illness, one that elicits so much guilt and shame, the effort to detach it from loaded meanings and misleading metaphors seems particularly liberating, even consoling,” Sontag’s word suggests that metaphors of illness are malign in a double way: they cast opprobrium on sick people and they hinder the rational and scientific apprehension that is needed to contain disease and provide care for people. To treat illness as a metaphor is to avoid or delay or even thwart the treatment of literal illness. Our own situation is different, but not unrelated. Our disinclination to see viruses as literal may have kept us from insisting on and observing the standards and practices that would prevent their spread. Enthralled with virus as metaphor and the terms associated with it — we ceased to be vigilant. Jetting around the world, we stopped washing our hands.

在《疾病的隐喻》一书中，苏珊·桑塔格探究了疾病隐喻化（尤其是与结核病、癌症相关的隐喻）带来的影响，以及这些隐喻是如何被强加于病人身上，使人忽略了疾病的本质。

在上世纪初，人们认为热情似火的人易于感染结核病。而半个世纪后，又有一种说法是，心理压抑或激情匮乏的人易患癌症。

桑塔格写道“我认为疾病绝不是一种隐喻。而看待疾病最真诚的方式--同时也是患者对待疾病最健康的方式，就是尽可能的消除或抵制隐喻性思考。”从1989年开始，她以同样的信念来看待艾滋病的大流行。并且她揭露出，受主流隐喻思想的影响，人们认为生病是一种天罚。

她总结道“身患这类疾病，患者会感到十分的内疚与羞耻。而摆脱强加在疾病上的错误隐喻，对患者是一种解放，更是一种安慰。”

桑塔格的话表明，疾病的隐喻具有双重的恶意:它们不仅给病人带来了耻辱，还阻隔了治疗疾病和提供护理所必需的理性认知和科学理解。把疾病看作一种隐喻，致使了消极对待、拖延甚至阻挠对疾病的科学治疗。我们的情况并不相同，但并非毫无关联。我们不愿科学理性的看待病毒，使我们无法坚持遵守防止病毒传播的标准，也使我们无法发现防止病毒传播的有效措施。一旦相信了疾病隐喻和与之相关的术语，我们就不再保持警惕。乘飞机环游世界时，我们都不洗手了。